Orange is a fruit of the citrus family. Its tree is always green and full of leaves and its height reaches up to 10 meters. Citrus is one of the most important tropical and subtropical plants, whose geographic distribution is between 40 degrees north and 40 degrees south. The main origin of citrus cultivation is considered to be northern India, Burma and southern China. Iran’s export orange production ranks eighth in the world after Spain, South Africa and Egypt.
Types of oranges
The types of Iranian export oranges that are under cultivation are:
1-Washington Novel
Washington Novel orange is the earliest variety of orange that enters the consumption market and because it is a young orange product, more gardeners show a desire to cultivate this variety. Increasing the storage life in order to increase the marketability of this number is very important. Therefore, pre-harvest conditions and optimizing post-harvest conditions will have a significant effect on fruit quality.
2- Thomson Novel
It is one of the selected cultivars for the humid region of northern Iran and is known as Palestinian orange in northern Iran. The fruit of Thomson Knoll is relatively small compared to Washington Knoll’s orange, elongated cone, thin and smooth skin.
The color of its skin is lighter than Washington Novel, but its fleshy wings are more juicy than Washington Novel. Fragrant and tasty, seedless and resistant to cold and arrives 15-20 days earlier than Washington Novel.
3- Frost Novel
It is suitable for the north of Iran. In comparison with Washington Novel, its fruit acid content is higher and it is later and its fruit is smaller, but its flesh is crispy and juicy and has a higher flavor. It is seedless and resistant to cold.
In general, the novels are suitable for cool and humid weather and in the south of the country and in some parts of the south of the country such as Fasa in Fars province and in the Jiroft area and other cool slopes of that country, the quality is relatively good.
4- Moro’s bloody Washington
In the north of Iran, this orange is known as Thomson blood orange. In 1309, it arrived with the first group of vehicles and was planted in Ramsar Palace. Washington is one of the fleshy and large oranges, and its flesh is red when the fruit is fully ripe, it has a very high storage quality. The more its fruit stays in storage, the more color it gets.
5- Hamlin
Its seed was brought to Ramsar Vehicle Research Station from Florida in 1347. It is a tasty and fragrant variety, very early, seedless and fleshy. It is a very productive variety and therefore needs to be thinned in the first year.
March 6
It entered Iran from Texas in 1350. Its acid level is low and it is liked by Iranian taste. Its fruit stays well on the tree and has good storage properties.
7- Valencia
The origin of this orange is Valencia province in Spain and Iran received it as a graft from America. Its fruit is medium, hard, seedless, juicy and fragrant and flavored, and Iran’s vegetable research department has selected and introduced it to the vegetable-rich areas of the south of the country in the central belt, and day by day its cultivation is increasing in the south of the country, especially Kerman and Khuzestan will be added.
8- Siyarouz locality
It is one of the old indigenous cultivars that was brought from the north to the south. The dominant cultivar covers the eastern Gilan and western Mazandaran regions and is one of the ancient native cultivars of these provinces, which has been brought to the southern provinces in this way. Its fresh consumption has decreased in recent years, and most of the water is extracted from it in factories.
Provinces producing oranges for export in Iran
Gilan and Mazandaran provinces have the largest share of citrus production, followed by Khuzestan, Fars, Kerman and Hormozgan provinces, among other citrus producers in Iran.
The export destination of Iranian citrus fruits is the Persian Gulf countries, the Caspian Sea, Russia and India.
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